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Intro to EDCs

  1. James-Todd, T. M., Chiu, Y.-H., & Zota, A. R. (2016). Racial/ethnic disparities in environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals and women’s reproductive health outcomes: Epidemiological examples across the life course. Current Epidemiology Reports, 3(2), 161–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-016-0073-9

  2. Young, A. S., Allen, J. G., Kim, U.-J., Seller, S., Webster, T. F., Kannan, K., & Ceballos, D. M. (2018). Phthalate and Organophosphate Plasticizers in Nail Polish: Evaluation of Labels and Ingredients. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(21), 12841–12850. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04495 

Toxic Trio

  1. Ward, L., Le, A., Shannon, C., & Rosemberg, M. A. (2022). Interventions targeting health and wellbeing among nail salon workers: A scoping review. Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 66(7), 827-837. https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxac011

  2. Schupp, T., & Plehiers, P. M. (2022). Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate and toluene diisocyanate: Many similarities and few differences. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 38(9), 500-528.

  3. Fabová, Z., Tarko, A., Harrath, A. H., Alwasel, S., Kotwica, J., & Sirotkin, A. V. (2022). Tribulus terrestris can suppress the adverse effect of toluene on bovine and equine ovarian granulosa cells. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 57(11), 1307-1318.

  4. ​​Abouee-Mehrizi, A., Saed-Moucheshi, S., Rasoulzadeh, Y., Mehdipour, A., Mohammadoghli-Reyhan, F., Iraji, Z., Alihemmati, A., & Shokoohi, M. (2023). Toxicological effects of simultaneous exposure to toluene and noise on some sexual and stress parameters in New Zealand white rabbits. Pollution, 9(1), 126-138. doi: 10.22059/poll.2022.343166.1482

  5. Rodgers, K. M., Rudel, R. A., & Just, A. C. (2014). Phthalates in food packaging, consumer products, and indoor environments. In S. M. Snedeker (Ed.), Toxicants in Food Packaging and Household Plastics (pp. 31–59). Springer London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6500-2_2

  6. Koniecki, D., Wang, R., Moody, R. P., & Zhu, J. (2011). Phthalates in cosmetic and personal care products: Concentrations and possible dermal exposure. Environmental Research, 111(3), 329–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2011.01.013

  7. Hlisníková, H., Petrovičová, I., Kolena, B., Šidlovská, M., & Sirotkin, A. (2020). Effects and mechanisms of phthalates' action on reproductive processes and reproductive health: A literature review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6811. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186811

  8. Engel, A., Buhrke, T., Imber, F., Jessel, S., Seidel, A., Völkel, W., & Lampen, A. (2017). Agonistic and antagonistic effects of phthalates and their urinary metabolites on the steroid hormone receptors ERα, ERβ, and AR. Toxicology Letters, 277, 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.05.028

  9. Asare-Donkor, Kusi Appiah, J., Torve, V., Voegborlo, R. B., & Adimado, A. A. (2020). Formaldehyde exposure and its potential health risk in some beauty salons in Kumasi Metropolis. Journal of Toxicology, 2020, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8875167

  10. Lipskerov, F. A., Sheshukova, E. V., & Komarova, T. V. (2022). Approaches to formaldehyde measurement: From liquid biological samples to cells and organisms. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(12), 6642. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126642

  11. Duong, A., Steinmaus, C., McHale, C. M., Vaughan, C. P., & Zhang, L. (2011). Reproductive and developmental toxicity of formaldehyde: A systematic review. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 728(3), 118–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.07.003

Reproductive Health

  1. Duong, A., Steinmaus, C., McHale, C. M., Vaughan, C. P., & Zhang, L. (2011). Reproductive and developmental toxicity of formaldehyde: A systematic review. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 728(3), 118–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.07.003

  2. National Cancer Institute. (n.d.). Formaldehyde and cancer risk. Retrieved March 16, 2023, from https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/formaldehyde/formaldehyde-fact-sheet#:~:text=Exposure%20occurs%20primarily%20by%20inhaling,containing%20formaldehyde%20through%20the%20skin 

  3. Fabová, Z., Tarko, A., Harrath, A. H., Alwasel, S., Kotwica, J., & Sirotkin, A. V. (2022). Tribulus terrestris can suppress the adverse effect of toluene on bovine and equine ovarian granulosa cells. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 57(11), 1307-1318.

  4. Hlisníková, H., Petrovičová, I., Kolena, B., Šidlovská, M., & Sirotkin, A. (2020). Effects and mechanisms of phthalates' action on reproductive processes and reproductive health: A literature review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6811. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186811

  5. How endocrine disrupting chemicals affect women's Reproductive Health: New factsheet and infographic by the Freia Project. Health and Environment Alliance. (2020, March 12). Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://www.env-health.org/how-endocrine-disrupting-chemicals-affect-womens-reproductive-health-new-factsheet-and-infographic-by-the-freia-project/ 

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Image Attributions

Artwork by Bjoern Arthurs

Images from Wix

Case Study: Carmen

  1. Karrar, S. A., & Hong, P. L. (2022). Preeclampsia. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK570611/

  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, December 8). Social Determinants of Health at CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/about/sdoh/index.html

  3. Flaskerud, J. H., & DeLilly, C. R. (2012). Social determinants of health status. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 33(7), 494–497. https://doi.org/10.3109/01612840.2012.662581

 

Infographic Citation 

Infographics: Social Determinants of Health. The Nation's Health. (n.d.). Retrieved March 14, 2023, from https://www.thenationshealth.org/content/infographics-social-determinants-health 

Nail Salon Workers

  1. Eckstein, S., & Nguyen, T.-N. (2011). The making and transnationalization of an ethnic niche: Vietnamese manicurists. International Migration Review, 45(3), 639–674. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2011.00861.x

  2. Vu, A. (2022). The price of nailing it: Emotional labour in the nail salon industry. In A. Vu & V. Satzewich (Eds.), The Vietnamese Diaspora in a Transnational Context: Contested Spaces, Contested Narratives. BRILL. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004513969

  3. Sharma, P., Waheed, S., Nguyen, V., Stepick, L., Orellana, R., Kim, S., & Lapira, K. (2018). Nail file: A study of nail salon workers and industry in the United States. UCLA Labor Center and California Healthy Nail Salon Collaborative.

  4. Mandell, R., Israel, B. A., & Schulz, A. J. (2019). Breaking free from siloes: Intersectionality as a collective action frame to address toxic exposures and reproductive health. Social Movement Studies, 18(3), 346–363. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2018.1556091

  5. Pak, V. M., McCauley, L. A., & Pinto-Martin, J. (2011). Phthalate exposures and human health concerns: A review and implications for practice. AAOHN Journal, 59(5), 228–233. https://doi.org/10.3928/08910162-20110426-01

  6. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2022, February 2). Nail care products. https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-products/nail-care-products

  7. Phan, D. T. (2016). Unpretty nails: Addressing workers rights violation within the Vietnamese nail salon industry. Asian Pacific American Law Journal, 21, 81–143. https://doi.org/10.5070/P3211031953

  8. James, L. (2014). Policy report: How safe is your nail salon? The Public Advocate for the City of New York.

  9. West, Z., Weaver, R., & Wagner, K. C. (2022). Unvarnished: Precarity and poor working conditions for nail salon workers in New York State. Cornell University, ILR School, The Worker Institute.

  10. U.S. Department of Labor. (n.d.). Unions 101. https://www.dol.gov/general/workcenter/unions-101

  11. U.S. Department of Labor. (n.d.). Forming a union at a non-union workplace. https://www.worker.gov/form-a-union/

  12. Lee, K. L., Lopez, M., & Gonzalez-Vasquez, A.L. (2022). New directions in racial and economic justice: How California’s worker centers are bringing worker power into workforce development. UCLA Labor Center. https://www.labor.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Worker-Centers-and-Workforce-Development_v5.pdf

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Image Attributions

Hedren with one of her graduating classes. Image by BBC

Side view smiley man getting manicure. Image by Freepik

Beautiful cheerful manicure master is looking to camera while working on client's nails. Image by fxquadro on Freepik

Master manicure brushing customer's nails after manicure process at the beauty salon. Image by fxquadro on Freepik

Nail art professional working on client nails. Image by Freepik

At-Home Nail Technicians

  1. Young, A. S., Allen, J. G., Kim, U.-J., Seller, S., Webster, T. F., Kannan, K., & Ceballos, D. M. (2018). Phthalate and organophosphate plasticizers in nail polish: Evaluation of labels and ingredients. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(21), 12841–12850. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04495 

  2. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2022, February 2). Nail care products. https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-products/nail-care-products

 

Image Attributions

Artwork by Bjoern Arthurs

Legislation

  1. Fung, K. (2014). Gel, acrylic, or shellac: The impact of Southeast and East Asian immigrant nail salon workers on the health care system. University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class, 14(1), 121-141. https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/margin14&i=125

  2. Kassotis, C. D., Vandenberg, L. N., Demeneix, B. A., Porta, M., Slama, R., & Trasande, L. (2020). Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Economic, regulatory, and policy implications. Diabetes & Endocrinology, 8(8), 719–730. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30128-5

  3. Patel, R. H., & Davis, D. D. (2022). Occupational safety and health administration rules that affect healthcare. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559327/

  4. Bartolone, P. (2011). Combating nail salon toxics. Race, Poverty & the Environment, 18(1), 23–26. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41555306

  5. A. B. 647, 2019 (California, 2019). https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB647

  6. H.R.5540 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): Cosmetic Safety for Communities of Color and Professional Salon Workers Act of 2021. (2021, October 11). https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/5540

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Image Attributions

U.S. Government/Gobierno de los Estados Unidos, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/US-OSHA-Logo.svg

Zebulon Rogerson, 1978 - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Food_and_Drug_Administration_logo.svg

Chermayeff & Geismar Associates, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/EPA_logo.svg

Call to Action

Image Attributions

#RedforFeds From Around the Country. Image by AFGE. CC BY 2.0

Capitol Hill. Image by Travelscape on Freepik

NYHNSC members protest. Image by NYHNSC

Community Resources Available

  1. Asian Pacific American Labor Alliance. (n.d.). Our mission and History. APALA. https://www.apalanet.org/about.html

  2. Adhikaar. (n.d.). Who we are. Adhikaar. https://adhikaar.org/#about

  3. California Healthy Nail Salon Collaborative. (n.d.). Who we are. California Healthy Nail Salon Collaborative. https://www.cahealthynailsalons.org/who-we-are

  4. New York Healthy Nail Salons Coalition. (n.d.). About. NY Healthy Nails. https://nyhealthynails.org/about/

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Image Attributions

#RedforFeds From Around the Country. Image by AFGE. CC BY 2.0

Adhikaar members. Image by Adhikaar

CHNSC members pose with sign. Image by SEARAC

NYHNSC members protest for #1FairWage. Image by NYHNSC

Legislation/Regulations Needed

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, November 24). Health Disparities. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/disparities/index.htm 

  2. Huynh, T. B., Doan, N., Trinh, N., Verdecias, N., Stalford, S., & Caroll‐Scott, A. (2019). Factors influencing health and safety practices among Vietnamese nail salon technicians and owners: A qualitative study. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 62(3), 244–252. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22947

  3. Fung, K. (2014). Gel, acrylic, or shellac: The impact of Southeast and East Asian immigrant nail salon workers on the health care system. University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class, 14(1), 121-141. https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/margin14&i=125

  4. Seo, J. Y., Chao, Y.-Y., & Strauss, S. M. (2019). Work-Related Symptoms, Safety Concerns, and Health Service Utilization Among Korean and Chinese Nail Salon Workers in the Greater New York City Area. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 31(3), 199–209. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27117834

 

Infographic Citation​

Fung, K. (2014). Gel, acrylic, or shellac: The impact of Southeast and East Asian immigrant nail salon workers on the health care system. University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class, 14(1), 121-141. https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/margin14&i=125

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Image Attribution

All images were used from Wix database

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